of oxygen are required for every mg of nitrogen to be oxidised according to the following simplified reaction : In reality, oxidation of all the nitrogen ammonia is not continued up to the nitrate ... Nitrification, Oxidation ... Nitrification Oxidation...

phases created by Fe2+ precipitation are largely soluble and deposits incorporating these phases are fragile and do not act as inhibitors. Fe2+ oxidation to produce Fe3+ is required for the formation ... Oxidation, Carbonate balance ... Oxidation Carbonate balance...

or diaphragms. However, this technique has gradually become more widespread in direct oxidation applications using air, and for CO2 or ozone diffusion into drinking water treatment. The injection can be carried ... Vibrair, Iron removal, Oxidation ... Vibrair Iron removal Oxidation ... Oxidation/Disinfection...

Chloramines are only used in disinfection (see the oxidants and disinfectants). They are prepared on site through the reaction of chlorine with ammonia or ammonia salts. Compared ... Oxidation, Chlorination, Disinfection ... Oxidation Chlorination Disinfection ... Oxidation/Disinfection...

As detailed in the oxidants and disinfectants, can react through the molecular mode (the active oxidant is ozone) and/or through the radical mode (the active oxidant is the hydroxyl radical created ... Ozonation, Oxidation, Disinfection ... Ozonation Oxidation Disinfection ... Oxidation/Disinfection...

The ozone produced is a gas, diluted in air or oxygen. Ozone is mainly used in its dissolved form so that it reacts according to the reactions described in the oxidants and disinfectants. Therefore ... Ozone, Oxidation, Disinfection ... Ozone Oxidation Disinfection ... Oxidation/Disinfection...

oxides, mainly N2O5 and N2O, created by the conversion of a small proportion of the nitrogen (up to 500 ppmV); HCs” hydrocarbons, especially methane CH4 and ethane C2H6, generated by air pollution ... Ozone, Oxidation, Disinfection ... Ozone Oxidation Disinfection ... Oxidation/Disinfection...

Iron removal, Oxidation, Disinfection ... Iron removal Oxidation Disinfection ... Oxidation/Disinfection...

of fundamental functions (figure 64) and make use of oxidation, reduction and neutralisation techniques followed by the precipitation of metal hydroxides and various toxic products (see also coagulation ... Industrial effluent treatment, Oxidation, Sludge dewatering ... Industrial effluent treatment Oxidation Sludge dewatering ... Sludge dewatering Oxidation/Disinfection...

insoluble CaCO3, SiO2…) can significantly contribute to turbidity in drinking water when using lime water that has not been clarified in a saturator. oxidation by-products Section oxidation and reduction ... Drinking water, Oxidation, Chlorination ... Drinking water Oxidation Chlorination...

mainly comprised a sedimentation stage and a fast filtration stage; pre-chlorination was then applied almost systematically and set to above the critical point (see the section the oxidants ... Oxidation, Biofilters, Attached growth ... Oxidation Biofilters Attached growth...

Wastewater, Pretreatments, Oxidation, Biomaster ... Wastewater Pretreatments Oxidation Biomaster...

activated carbon and ozone oxidation provide a treatment solution, other disposal routes must be developed, namely for smaller facilities. Among them, we can mention the Artificial Wet Zones (Zones Humides ... Activated carbon adsorption, Oxidation, Micropollutants ... Activated carbon adsorption Oxidation Micropollutants...

biological oxidation to produce elementary sulphur that can be settled (an Azurair type attached growth system that is well suited to this particular case); please refer to the San Miguel brewery system (Spain ... Methane fermentation, Attached growth, Oxidation, Azurair ... Methane fermentation Attached growth Oxidation Azurair...

for biological processes (thermophilic anaerobic digestion, pasteurisation – see chapter liquid sludge treatment), or responsible for thorough oxidisation of organic matter (wet oxidation, see section organic ... Sludge treatment, Anaerobic, Oxidation, Dewatered sludge ... Sludge treatment Anaerobic Oxidation Dewatered sludge...

This operation is used to treat water (iron removal, oxidation, disinfection, biological purification) or to purify a polluted gas. Gases that have to be dissolved are usually not very soluble ... Nitrazur, Biofor, Iron removal, Oxidation, Disinfection ... Nitrazur Biofor Iron removal Oxidation Disinfection ... Oxidation/Disinfection...

, an heterogeneous catalytic process, consists of creating in a reactive medium a secondary oxidant from ozone that is more powerful than ozone alone (unstable species formed from the reaction between ozone ... Ozonation, Biofor, Oxidation, Disinfection, Agri-food industry ... Ozonation Biofor Oxidation Disinfection Agri-food industry ... Oxidation/Disinfection...

of the commercial product, marine limestone consumption can vary from 2.2 to 2.4 kg per kg of CO2 neutralised. More or less calcinated magnesium oxide based products have occasionally been proposed (CaCO3, CaO, Mg ... Remineralisation, Drinking water, Oxidation, Carbonate balance, Lime ... Remineralisation Drinking water Oxidation Carbonate balance Lime ... Filters Oxidation/Disinfection...

Strategic separation of wastewater streams allows that the following can be processed specifically and efficiently, e.g.: hard COD (non-biodegradable) using oxidation (Fenton, O3, Toccata, wet ... Ultrafor, Industrial effluent treatment, Methane fermentation, Oxidation, GAC ... Ultrafor Industrial effluent treatment Methane fermentation Oxidation GAC ... Methanisation Oxidation/Disinfection Pretreatment Biological processes...

” between the thermal oxidation processes responsible for destroying fixed carbon on the one hand and thermal reducing process that does not oxidise the fixed carbon on the other. Another basic difference ... Sludge treatment, Sludge drying, Dewatered sludge, Gasification, Oxidation ... Sludge treatment Sludge drying Dewatered sludge Gasification Oxidation...