definition Disinfection is the final stage in drinking water treatment before its distribution. Disinfection is used to remove pathogenic micro-organisms from the water. However, it should be noted ... Potable water ... Ozone Drinking water Surface water Disinfection Chlorine Ultraviolet disinfection...

operating principle : Coagulation-flocculation: Addition of a coagulant and passage of the water through a double coagulation compartment, followed by a hydraulic flocculation chamber ... Desalination Potable water ... Aquadaf Drinking water Surface water Flotation Phosphorous removal Filters Coagulation-flocculation ... • Aquadaf technology • Surface water ...

Some groundwater, for instance, may only pose problems concerning OM removal. This type of problem can also predominate in surface water. The applicable treatment may vary widely depending ... Potable water ... Clarification Drinking water Oxidation GAC Micropollutants PAC...

reported, this risk has, nevertheless, been suspected. Water produced must comply with the legislation applicable in each country. Treatments applied will depend on the contaminants occurring: coagulation ... Potable water Waste water ... Filtration Drinking water Reverse Osmosis GAC Coagulation-flocculation Ion exchange...

by burning gas (submerged burners); however, the impurities generated by incomplete combustion and/or the original fuel, means that it cannot be used for drinking water production. When used in sea water ... Potable water ... Remineralisation Drinking water Oxidation Carbonate balance Lime...

structure's volume to deliver high-quality and safe water. This approach is highly efficient for medium turbidity levels (0 to 100 NTU) and ensures consistent water quality. key figures Footprint ... Eau potable Clarification Aquadaf Flotation Floculation Filtration Mediazur Seadaf Drinking water Flotation Flocculation Seadaf ... High quality water: up to 20 m/h with no compromise on water quality Flexibility, as it adapts to variations in raw water quality Quick START and STOP flotation process with consistent...

is only really capable of eliminating radon. Tritium (quality reference: 100 Bq · L–1) cannot be removed by any of the conventional water treatments. However, these levels rarely occur in natural water. ... Potable water ... Filtration Drinking water Coagulation-flocculation Carbonate removal Membrane separation GAC...

The steps taken to ensure the compliance of certain water quality parameters are reviewed below. THM Replacement of pre-chlorination with pre-ozonation (e.g. Limoges, Metz, Mont Valérien, Orly ... Potable water ... Preozonation Pulsator Cristal Denitratation Nitrification Drinking water Denitrification Carbonate removal GAC PAC ... coming into line with new water quality standards...

the Rhine) or between clarification and polishing (e.g. Croissy-sur-Seine, France). This system will tend to be applied generally when re-using urban wastewater to produce drinking water because ... Potable water ... CAG Pulsator Aquazur Nitrazur Ozonation Drinking water Surface water Iron removal Chlorination...

nature of the sludge Sludge produced from the treatment of raw water to render it potable comes from the extractions or blowdowns undertaken during sedimentation (or flotation), when this exists ... Potable water ... Densadeg Drinking water Surface water Sludge treatment Sludge thickening Flotation Pulsatube Aquazur PAC...

” in terms of drinking water production. Historically, these treatment processes were used for low mineralization water that is extremely heavily coloured. E.g; Eupen and La gileppe 110 000 m3/f in Beligum ... Potable water ... Nanofiltration Cristal Drinking water Surface water Membranes Sand filtration Ultrafiltration PAC...

), silicates, sulphides, etc. In natural water, manganese will usually be present in the soluble ionised form, Mn2+, and sometimes as MnOH+ (very basic pH). It can form compounds with the bicarbonates ... Potable water ... Ozone Mangazur Drinking water Manganese removal Oxidation Chlorine Iron removal...

the natural states of iron Iron is usually found in its ferric and precipitated form in surface water, often in combination with suspended solids; it will then be eliminated during ... Potable water ... Clarification Filtration Ferazur Drinking water Iron removal Carbonate removal Oxidation...

frequently used to produce drinking water from contaminated surface water, a stage where the carbon is biologically degraded through activated carbon filters is often included; with this step usually following ... Potable water ... Clarification Adsorption Pulsator Superpulsator Densadeg Drinking water Surface water Polishing Micropollutants Oxidation Carbazur Sand filtration GAC...

The following applies not only to water in a state of eutrophication where these problems tend to dominate, but also, to a greater or lesser extent, to all surface waters where, at the very least ... Potable water ... Superpulsator Filtration Cristal Densadeg Ozone Drinking water Surface water Algae Flotation Settling GAC PAC...

general Up until the year 2000, the European standard for drinking water was 50 µg · L–1 of As, a target that was within the reach of clarification or carbonate removal treatment in most cases ... Potable water ... Filtration Drinking water Coagulation-flocculation Carbonate removal Iron removal GAC PAC...

: replacing the filtering medium (e.g. Grafham, Great Britain); replacing the wash system, installing nozzle floors (conventional or Azurfloor) for an air + water wash (e.g. San Martin in Buenos Aires ... Potable water ... Remineralisation Pulsator Filtration Drinking water Coagulation-flocculation Settling Pulsatube Flotation GAC...

If the bromide ion concentration is not regulated, it will be the concentration of bromates (usually absent from raw water but formed mainly during ozonation) that is limited throughout the European Union ... Potable water ... Filtration Preozonation Nanofiltration Drinking water Coagulation-flocculation Reverse Osmosis Carbonate removal GAC...

It was just noted that lead is not difficult to remove but that, in fact, it is rarely found in raw water: it is most frequently caused by the dissolution (corrosion, see lead.) that occurs during distribution ... Potable water ... CAG Nanofiltration Remineralisation Drinking water Filtration Coagulation-flocculation Settling Sand filtration Carbonate removal Prechlorination...

has to be carried out at the same time (brackish water). Nitrate Removal using ion exchange and the resins that can be used to produce drinking water have been approved in a number of countries. Before ... Potable water ... Filtration Ozonation Nitrazur Pulsator Drinking water Settling Denitratation Disinfection Denitrification Carbazur GAC Carbonate balance...