or into the drain; effluent before biological purification; sludge (standards applicable to agricultural recycling). Additionally, there might be the need to assess the content of certain trace elements...

residents; for sludge heat treatments (drying, hydrolysis, carbonisation, wet oxidation), which release odorous VOC , special attention should be paid to treat these flows upstream in particular. ...

, a sludge blanket clarifier is particularly appropriate because it concentrates the suspension and allows for more prolonged contact times (30-45 minutes); furthermore, carbonate impurities help to "ballast...

as this could partly destroy the iron removal bacteria population; easier sludge treatment : the more concentrated backwash waters are particularly appropriate for thickening and dewatering. utilisation...

to prevent the modules from fouling up too quickly … see flocculation with sludge contact. scaling risk Through "construction", exept in very exceptional cases using tubular systems or, at the outside...

). When the ideal extraction point position is not feasible, grit removal has to be included in order to avoid sludging up and erosion of pre-treatment equipment or "dams" to hold back floating matter...