is located on this circuit and from which the recycling of water or sludge into the manufacturing stage may be organised, depending upon the quality of paper manufactured. Recycling can concern up to 100...

suspended growth (activated sludge) process) into account and the only treatments applied to storm water are those that concern the elimination of NH4+ and NO3- ions. nitrification theory of the process...

…) pressurised microstraining or macrostraining systems, also known as mechanical filtration, can also be recommended. These filters (figure 5) have a semi-continuous wash system that removes sludge simply using...

of activity likely to produce specific effluent can be identified. oil production Discharges include formation water extracted with crude oil and possible drilling sludge. Production water which has stayed...

example: rising sludge in clarifiers). At the pressure levels encountered in hydraulic systems, water is considered to be an incompressible fluid. As a matter of fact, it is a slightly elastic fluid: its...

, resulting in scaling which is difficult to eliminate; calcium phosphates: in the presence of hard salts, phosphates form sludge which is only slightly soluble; magnesium hydroxide (OH)2 : non...

that is similar to that of the bacteria found in activated sludge and in trickling filters (see biomass used in wastewater purification.). Figure 1. Main morphological appearance of bacteria algae...

The backwash can be carried out using raw water (or non-chlorinated treated water). sludge Sludge is easily thickened and dewatered. utilisation The process and the biological reactor-filter in which...

) are reviewed in the section carbazur activated carbon filters GH. In a treatment system, PAC is introduced upstream from the settling basins; Pulsator sludge blankets or their lamellar derivatives provide...

upstream from thickening sedimentation tanks and protect sludge pumps and dewatering equipment. Constructed by SUEZ, these 5 to 12 m diameter structures are usually supplied via overhead pipelines...

and not to the kg: 1 Nm3 of air per Nm3 of gas for a gas having a NCV of 4 000 kJ per kg Nm3. In urban waste sludge, it will be in the region of 6.5 Nm3·kg–1 of VM. The fume producing capacity of a fuel...

that is drawn off, sludge water…) or vapour losses when, as frequently occurs, there is evaporation. Normally, water does not suffer noticeable deterioration through an influx of outside ions, gas solubilisation...

. utility effluents sluice water (canteens…); boiler water (boiler blowdown, regeneration eluates); make-up water processing sludge; cooling water blowdown. occasional discharges...

for catabolism’s oxidation reactions is either free oxygen in an aerobic medium (for example: the bacteria in activated sludge), or, in an anoxic medium, the bonded oxygen in mineral compounds such as sulphates...

); for activated sludge plant refurbishment/extension, especially when available space is tight. In effect, by acting on the mixed liquor concentration during the aeration stage: this liquor can either...

to rise. microelements The most harmful elements are heavy metals (especially for sludge discharged by treatments). These are mainly industrial elements created when metal processing shops are connected...

or any other sludge recirculation equipment; ferric chloride will then have to be used as the clarification reagent; or by separating the clarification and carbonate removal functions when the carbonate...

. This type of process is applied to the treatment of concentrated industrial effluent or to sludge treatment (see section organic matter destruction using the wet oxidation method). chlorine and hypochlorite...

, Trichuris (all three the most frequently detected in waste sludge and water), the eelworm, the hookworm, the dracunculiasis, the pinworm (bearing in mind that there are many free, non-parasitical nematodes...

specific O2 input rarely exceeds 1.2 kg · kWh–1 net) and has a low mixing capacity. It is better suited to lagooning applications than to activated sludge tanks where the formation of deposits needs...