in manufacturing methods, often intermittent, prevent valid characteristics to be given for this industrial sector where only an audit will enable to correctly identify the pollutants workshop by workshop, even ... Industrial effluent treatment ... Industrial ... chemical industries...

requirements and produce a satisfactory treatment system. Chapter industrial processes and effluent treatment, provides many examples of treatment systems for these effluents, organised by industry. origin ... Industrial effluent treatment Pulp and paper industry Oil industry Textile industry Metallurgy and hydrometallurgy Steel industry Agri-food industry ... Industrial ... nature of the industrial effluents...

In general, pre-treatment will consist of: fine straining used to eliminate fibers (cotton flock…); an equalisation tank used to: regulate the flow rate which can usually be very ... Industrial effluent treatment Textile industry Pretreatments ... Industrial ... pre-treatment...

Depending on the discharge requirements, tertiary treatment is becoming increasingly essential for eliminating the following main pollutants: hard COD; colour; phosphorus; suspended ... Industrial effluent treatment Agri-food industry Tertiary treatment ... Industrial ... tertiary treatment...

Within the oil industry, pollution common to all operations comes from hydrocarbons (Table 59). Table 59. Production and refining Properties of the main effluents The proportion ... Industrial effluent treatment Oil industry ... Industrial ... oil industry...

according to their water solubility (table 52). Table 52. Colorants and textile dry-filling discharges Mixed with pre-treatment effluents, discharges are more dilute and can be characterised ... Industrial effluent treatment Textile industry ... Industrial ... textile industries...

These recycling practices are specific to each industry and usually with specific goals where the equipment in place is used to recover raw materials (coating materials, oils and greases, fibers ... Industrial effluent treatment ... Industrial...

). Table 66. Stainless steel circuit blowdown where effluent is recycled surface treatment industries origin and nature of discharges Treating surfaces involves: stripping: this produces highly ... Industrial effluent treatment Reverse Osmosis ... Industrial ... metal industries...

Evaporation can prove useful in applications involving concentrated effluents that are difficult (or even impossible) to treat using typical approaches, such as spent machining emulsion baths ... Industrial effluent treatment ... Industrial...

As agri-food industries occupy a wholly integral part of the agricultural system, from the production of the raw material to its processing, the classic approach has been to recycle the sludge ... Sludge treatment ... Industrial effluent treatment Agri-food industry Sludge treatment Sludge dewatering ... Industrial ... sludge treatment...

Some agri-food industry effluents require pre-treatment before biological treatment. Table 2 indicates the pre-treatments normally required by type of industry: Table 2. Pre-treatments used ... Industrial effluent treatment Agri-food industry Pretreatments Settling Flotation ... Industrial ... pre-treatment...

This minimum volume of effluent contains a significant level of sulphides 2 to 5 g·L–1 S2– and occasionally phenols; these contaminants require separate treatment for removal. Desulphurisation can ... Industrial effluent treatment Oil industry ... Industrial...

power consumption. Figure 50. General treatment scheme for the textile industry, with thorough colour removal ... Biofor Oxyblue Industrial effluent treatment Textile industry Tertiary treatment ... Industrial ... tertiary treatment...

Biological treatment using low-load activated sludge is utilised in most cases to remove as much biodegradable COD as possible. COD removal efficiency is typically 70 to 90% when the raw wastewater ... Ultrafor Industrial effluent treatment Textile industry Biological processes Membrane bioreactor ... Industrial ... biological treatment...

When necessary, primary treatment includes: bar-screening/straining in most industries; grit/grease removal from storm water or from IWW produced by metal and steel industries and some ... Industrial effluent treatment Primary treatement Coagulation-flocculation ... Industrial ... primary treatment...

The sludge produced is predominantly biological requiring typical treatment, considering that the dyes used in textile industries now contain less and less heavy metal content. This sludge can even ... Sludge treatment ... Industrial effluent treatment Textile industry Sludge treatment Odour Control ... Industrial ... sludge treatment/odour control...

, as well as the reagents used during cleaning and maintenance operations. The main types of effluent associated with energy production are listed in the table below (Table 68). Table 68. The main ... Industrial effluent treatment ... Industrial...

is sent to the treatment plant where it undergoes neutralisation using lime, completing gypsum and metal precipitation (2-hour contact time) before being clarified; the effluent is filtered through two ... Industrial effluent treatment Densadeg Filters Greenleaf Sand filtration Mining industries ... Industrial ... effluent generated by ore refining units...

be segregated at source so that specific pre-treatment can be applied whenever necessary. Overall treatment of these effluents usually includes: recovery of spent hydrochloric acid which is regenerated ... Filtration Biofor Industrial effluent treatment Biological processes Tertiary treatment Settling Carbonate removal Reverse Osmosis Activated sludge Flotation Steel industry ... Industrial ... specific effluent systems...

Sludge treatment ... Filtration Flottation Industrial effluent treatment Oil industry ... Industrial...