specific pre-treatment

Strategic separation of wastewater streams allows that the following can be processed specifically and efficiently, e.g.:

• hard COD (non-biodegradable) using oxidation (Fenton, O₃, Toccata, wet process oxidation) and adsorption (activated carbon, resins) techniques, see Fundamental physical-chemical engineering processes applicable to water treatment, Oxidation and reduction and Neutralisation – remineralisation;
• toxic compounds (priority pollutants, heavy metals…), see Chemical precipitations and Oxidation and reduction;
• NH₄ (stripping coking plant ammonia water…), see gas and vapour strippers;
• highly concentrated, but biodegradable wastewaters which can be processed less expensively using high BOD loading processes; methane fermentation, Ultrafor, see chapters Biological processes and Methane fermentation;
• polluted cooling water;
• assorted compounds such as sulphur compounds (tanneries, spent sodium hydroxide…), etc.