of electron-grams exchanged during the reaction, N: Avogadro’s number = 6.02·1023 for one mole, e0: electron’s charge = 1.6 10–19 C. ...

0.5 mg · L–1. ...

iron removal (see Iron removal) ; therefore, the treatment design will be identical (figure 29): in-line aeration and filtration; in this case, the velocity will range from 10 to 20 m · h–1. When iron...

. This protective layer enhances corrosion resistance against aggressive agents such as chlorides (up to 450 ppm), sulphates (up to 1 200 ppm) or nitrates. Conversely, zinc corrosion can develop rapidly in contact...

Chronologically, we have a number of different periods: end of the 19th century and 1st half of the 20th century: widespread application of the extensive biological treatment system or slow...

accessible; Activated carbon promotes sedimentation by ballasting the floc Photo 9. Nantes (France) town plant. Output: 11,700 m3· h–1. PAC dispensing unit drawbacks Activated carbon...

Composting is controlled fermentation that converts organic matter aerobically and produces stable humic and pre-humic compounds (figure 1). Aeration will only be effective if the medium is air...

in a multiple hearth furnace within which char processing can also be carried out. the pyrolysis process in multiple hearth furnaces Two schemes need to be highlighted : case 1 (figure 35) : the reducing...

(1) where it comes into contact with the pressurised water and is then expanded, resulting in the formation of fine air (or gas) bubbles that attach themselves to the floc. The floc/bubble element has...

) These steels contain 18-29% chromium and 1-4% molybdenum together with a regulated concentration of nickel (3.5-7.5%) and/or austenite stabilisers (nitrogen, manganese) that encourage the formation of a balanced...

%. Table 55. Bleaching: production of COD and chlorine derivatives (measured as AOX.t–1 ADt pulp) [European Commission, 2015, BREF "Pulp & Paper"] wastewater Wastewater and residual detergents...

uses (figure 1 from general sludge treatment lines). In order to simplify this statement, because the list of water/sludge system combinations cannot be exhaustive, we can identify major trends based...

account for 3 to 6 m3 of water per tonne of steel. Given a global concentration factor of 3 to 4, the total volume of effluent in the semi-open circuits is then 1 to 1.5 m3·t–1 of steel (table 66...

(TOC < 2 mg · L–1): reservoir water (beware of algal bloom) ; groundwater affected by the surface (e.g. water from karstic systems …). a "combined" treatment stage on low turbidity...

of thickening tanks and the acidogenesis phase of fermentation will produce volatile fatty acids. For dewatering, table 1 summarises the contribution to emissions depending on the type of dewatering and sludge...

: Assumption : osmosed water has a temperature of 25°C and a salinity of 11.7mg/l, composed only of Na ions: 4.6mg/l and Cl ions: 7.1mg/l. For the record, conductivity values are always given...

a velocity higher than 1m/s must be ensured. In long networks, treatment stations can be included (injection of oxidants, metallic salts, etc.). The sulphur concentration level in incoming effluent must...

system. Photo 12. aqualead® access - 1 Photo 13. aqualead® access - 2 aqualead® access - 3 Photo 14. risk analysis A methodical risk analysis of the proliferation...

bubbles (from a few hundred μm to 1 mm). Thus, we achieve a state of quasi-flotation by accumulating floating matter and keeping it floating on the surface. Please refer to section grease and oil removal...

treatment process Buffer tank, with a capacity 1,850 m3. This volume will allow a peak of 500 m3/h to enter for 6 hours maximum, once a week. The treatment flow rate (extraction flow rate) is set at 300...