300 m3·day–1 Designed in this way, these plants are ideally suited for grouped structures that can be placed in a building or under a protected site (stadium, car park, park, etc.): this system...

the fibres (internal skin) or outside (external skin). The telling advantage for this type of geometry is the possibility of carrying out regular backwashes (at a frequency of 1 every 20 minutes up to once...

Cast iron differs from steel in that it has a higher carbon (>2%) and silicon (> 1%) content which makes it cheaper to produce than steel. Cast iron corrosion resistance is comparable...

in kinetics of the corrosion reactions). Consequently, corrosion can be initiated by traces of chlorides or sulphates below 1 mg·L–1. Cℓ–, F–, Br–, SO42–, NO3– ions will stimulate corrosion. In the presence...

-splitting and the low capacities measured. resin pollution organic matter A volume of resin is brought into contact with a known volume of NaCℓ (100 g · L-1) and NaOH (20 g · L-1) mixture for 12 hours. The TOC...

by filtration (at a rate of between 4 and 10 m · h–1) over sand or over a twin-layer medium; this system was frequently supplemented by the following additives, injected between aeration and filtration...

...) or the injection of particles brought in from the atmosphere. The filtration level can vary from 200 to 1 μm. selecting media TThis selection will be based on desired efficiency and operational parameters. filter...

that supplies a unit producing aromatics and synthetic rubber. The process wastewater flow is 200 m3·h–1 during dry weather and via a 6 000 m³ storage facility, an additional, 30 m3·h–1 of contaminated storm...

client is an aluminium smelter. This aluminium smelter discharges low saline condensates containing variable and high organic content: TOC of approximately 30 mg·L–1 peaking at 60 which must be reduced...

. asymmetric membranes (photo 4) Photo 4. Cross-section of an asymmetric membrane Made from the same material, they consist of two superimposed layers: a very thin "skin" (0.1 to 1 μm) and a much...

to react with the lime to produce hydrogen carbonate: initially resulting in increased M-alk. and CaH before reaction (1) takes over. When CaH < M-alk. (water with calcium and magnesium alkalinity...

Nowadays, it is also constructed in the shape of a ring, with pressurized air aeration and mechanical agitation resulting in a minimum 0.30 m · s–1 circulation velocity. Thus, this reactor comes close...

humidity of the flue gas to be treated is first established and expressed as g H2O· kg–1 of dry flue gas (e.g. 0.35) (point O); vertically up from this figure, we have a point A which refers...

-trap filtration Fine 500µm curved screen 1,250 m3, covered, coated and sitrred buffer tank 750 m3 upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) unit BRMO with 1,000 m3 (vibrairs) aeration tank and 2 ZENON...

-600 °C and controlled oxidation at 850-1 000 °C) of various natural materials (coal, lignite, wood …). This treatment only leaves behind the carbonaceous skeleton of the materials and the departure...

matter granulometry We must refer to the recommendations made in the French standard NF X 45.401 in order to perform granulometry analyses under the best possible conditions. According to the NF ISO 2591-1...

ranging from a few tens of minutes to 1 or 2 hours in more concentrated solutions. E.g. 200, or even 2,000 ppm Cℓ2, citric acid …; "regeneration" type chemical washes carried out either by removing...

.7 and 0.95 but that can exceed 1 in the case of some heavy hydrocarbons; temperature which, as it rises, will always encourage separation; the dynamic viscosity of the oils, that can vary...

, modifying k and adding a correction term to k, representing the kinetic loss of energy through the medium: where k1 = 4.17, k2 = 0.3 (round grains) to 0.48 (crushed grain). Ergun’s formula is more...

hours of operation. The value of the end of life coefficient Fp indicates the time when aged lamps need to be replaced in a reactor. The Fp coefficient varies between 0.65 and 1. average intensity...