pressurised at 5 bar, each having a capacity of 50 kg or 1,000 kg of chlorine respectively (see chlorine). sodium hypochlorite Sodium hypochlorite NaOCℓ is formed by dissolving chlorine gas into a solution...

water (A1 to A3) that match three types of treatment T1 to T3 respectively (that can be compared to direct filtration for T1, comprehensive clarification for T2, clarification and polishing for T3), all...

4, FeCl3 (pure) and polymer to be mixed with the seawater in two static mixers and two coagulation tanks. 2 lines of 7 open dual media filters (Mediazur) fed by gravity and handling up to 1,500 m3...

Treatment and Addition of Secondary treatment of the Alexandria East Wastewater Treatment Plant. The contract is composed of two phases: Phase 1 includes a rehabilitation and extension of the existing...

sulphate) via lime neutralisation (see other precipitations (case of anions) on SO4 precipitations for the applicable conditions); high levels of ferrous iron (10 to 500 mg · L–1), requiring oxidation...

from the sludge and biogas collectors) (1); the sludge is then routed to a still settling zone (2) where the sludge settles and returns to the sludge blanket (3); the treated water is collected by a weir...

increase in EUP flow rates, rising from 4 to 5 m³ for a Ø 300 mm wafer. This development has resulted in the EUP demand from a typical plant to rise to 100-300 m3·h–1. specifications and treatment design...

such as 4-2-1 or 5-3-2 configurations. Each time, we need to check that the crosswash flow rate for the element that undergoes the worst crosswash (final element in the pressure tube) does in fact receive...

carbonate. coagulation over filters The average concentration of suspended solids in filter backwash water can vary from 200 to 1 500 g · m–3. One needs to include a thickener that will produce sludge...

that the membrane is positioned vertically. Adjust the pressure to 2.1 bar (30 psi) and use a stopwatch to measure the time t0 required to filter 500 mL of water (this time must be greater than 10 seconds). Repeat...

of an open recirculating system: water flow Q(m3·h–1), hot water circulation flow returned to the coolant. ΔT(°C), temperature difference between water entering into and discharged by the coolant. T max...

(figure 20) takes the form of a flash mixer (1), a mechanical flocculator (2), hindered flocculator (3), a settling tank (4) (90% of floc settles and thickens without rising in the lamellar...

to mix and homogenise higher concentration sludge (potentially in excess of 30 g · L–1). These storage tanks comprise one or more cells. In the latter case, the series arrangement of cells normally...

with reservoir water (2,920 m3·h–1) and its effluent was de-oiled and “treated” in non-aerated lagoons before being discharged to the sea. In order to conserve reservoir water for human consumption, Pemex...

present at levels of a few µg· L–1 (whence their name), can present a danger to public health and these micropollutants will be described further on, highlighting the most dangerous. Natural organic...

parameters: suspended solids content of the water to be treated: this content must be less than 1 mg·L–1. If this isn’t the case, removal of suspended solids will induce a major head loss, frequent washes...

an oxidation-reduction perspective, generally you can disregard the action water has. Generally speaking, a weak acid solution’s buffer power is effective for an acid/salt concentrations ratio ranging from 0.1...

success to: its simple construction and its ability to adapt to all shapes of tanks; its high Hazen velocity compared to settling tanks; 2 to 4 m · h–1 in natural water clarification, or even...

(< 10 mg·L–1); SO4/Cℓ ratio better than 1 (smooth beers); Na concentration < 100 mg·L–1 in order to minimise bitterness; NO3< 50 mg·L–1 et NO2< 1 mg·L–1 (limits applicable to potability...

in groundwater that has a low organic matter content. At this stage, approximately 1 mg · L–1 is used. in intermediate or main oxidation With intermediate or main oxidation, the purpose of ozone is to oxidise...